Embedded Lab

The easiest way of producing a sound using an Arduino board is by bit-banging its I/O pin driving a buzzer or speaker. However, if you want to go beyond simple beeps and synthesis complex and more interesting sounds, you need a better understanding of the Arduino hardware as well as the theory behind wave synthesis. Here’s a wonderful tutorial from Makezine that describes the fundamental concept of synthesizing waveform and how to manipulate it in real time.